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      Isobutane
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      Isobutane
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      C4H10
      Isobutane

      Physical Properties

      Under solid (grey), liquid (blue) and vapor states (white) along the equilibrium curves

      • General properties
      • Solid phase
      • Liquid Phase
      • Gas Phase
      (P)
      log(P)
      Download
      • Molecular weight
        58.122
        g/mol
      • Content in air
        /

      Critical Point

      • Temperature
        134.66
        °C
         274.388 °F 407.81 K
      • Pressure
        36.29
        bar
         3.629E6 pa 526.3417 lbf/in2 35.8154 Atm 3629 Kpa 2.722E4 mmHg
      • Density
        225.5
        kg/m³
         14.0775 lb/ft³

      Triple Point

      • Temperature
        - 159.42
        °C
         - 254.956 °F 113.73 K
      • Pressure
        1.206E-7
        bar
         1.206E-2 pa 1.7492E-6 lbf/in2 1.1902E-7 Atm 1.206E-5 Kpa 9.0458E-5 mmHg
      Pressure 1.013 bar
      • Melting point
        - 159.61
        °C
         - 255.298 °F 113.54 K
      • Latent heat of fusion (at melting point)
        78.112
        kJ/kg
         33.6047 Btu/lb 18.6692 kcal/kg
      • Solid density
        /
      Pressure 1.013 bar
      • Liquid density
        593.821
        kg/m³
         37.0709 lb/ft³
      • Boiling point
        - 11.75
        °C
         10.85 °F 261.4 K
      • Latent heat of vaporization (at boiling point)
        365.101
        kJ/kg
         157.0705 Btu/lb 87.2612 kcal/kg
      Pressure1.013barTemperature
      • Compressibility factor Z
        9.6446E-1
        9.7035E-1
        9.7354E-1
      • Cp/Cv ratio γ
        1.1185
        1.11
        1.1052
      • Dynamic viscosity
        6.8759E-5
        Po
         6.8759 µPa.s 6.8759E-6 PA.S 4.6204E-6 lb/ft/s
        7.2505E-5
        Po
         7.2505 µPa.s 7.2505E-6 PA.S 4.8721E-6 lb/ft/s
        7.4978E-5
        Po
         7.4978 µPa.s 7.4978E-6 PA.S 5.0383E-6 lb/ft/s
      • Gas density at boiling point
        2.827
        kg/m³
         1.7648E-1 lb/ft³
        2.827
        kg/m³
         1.7648E-1 lb/ft³
        2.827
        kg/m³
         1.7648E-1 lb/ft³
      • Gas density
        2.688
        kg/m³
         1.6781E-1 lb/ft³
        2.5326
        kg/m³
         1.581E-1 lb/ft³
        2.4397
        kg/m³
         1.5231E-1 lb/ft³
      • Heat capacity at constant pressure Cp
        1.5902
        kJ/(kg.K)
         3.8007E-1 BTU/lb∙°F 1590.2 J/kg∙K 3.8007E-1 kcal/kg∙K
        1.6503
        kJ/(kg.K)
         3.9443E-1 BTU/lb∙°F 1650.3 J/kg∙K 3.9443E-1 kcal/kg∙K
        1.6923
        kJ/(kg.K)
         4.0447E-1 BTU/lb∙°F 1692.3 J/kg∙K 4.0447E-1 kcal/kg∙K
      • Heat capacity at constant volume Cv
        1.4218
        kJ/(kg.K)
         3.3982E-1 BTU/lb∙°F 1421.8 J/kg∙K 3.3982E-1 kcal/kg∙K
        1.4867
        kJ/(kg.K)
         3.5533E-1 BTU/lb∙°F 1486.7 J/kg∙K 3.5533E-1 kcal/kg∙K
        1.5312
        kJ/(kg.K)
         3.6597E-1 BTU/lb∙°F 1531.2 J/kg∙K 3.6597E-1 kcal/kg∙K
      • Liquid (at boiling point)/gas equivalent
        220.92
        mol/mol
        234.47
        mol/mol
        243.4
        mol/mol
      • Solubility in water
        /
        2.333E-5
        mol/mol
        4.659E-5
        mol/mol
      • Specific gravity
        /
        /
        /
      • Specific volume
        3.72E-1
        m³/kg
         5.9589 ft³/lb
        3.949E-1
        m³/kg
         6.3257 ft³/lb
        4.099E-1
        m³/kg
         6.566 ft³/lb
      • Thermal conductivity
        14.343
        mW/m∙K
         8.2928E-3 Btu/ft/h/°F 1.2341E-1 cal/hour∙cm∙°C 3.4281E-5 cal/s∙cm∙°C 1.4343E-2 W/(m∙K)
        15.85
        mW/m∙K
         9.1641E-3 Btu/ft/h/°F 1.3638E-1 cal/hour∙cm∙°C 3.7882E-5 cal/s∙cm∙°C 1.585E-2 W/(m∙K)
        16.887
        mW/m∙K
         9.7636E-3 Btu/ft/h/°F 1.453E-1 cal/hour∙cm∙°C 4.0361E-5 cal/s∙cm∙°C 1.6887E-2 W/(m∙K)
      • Vapor pressure
        1.577
        bar
         1.577E5 pa 22.8724 lbf/in2 1.5564 Atm 157.7 Kpa 1182.8505 mmHg
        2.598
        bar
         2.598E5 pa 37.6808 lbf/in2 2.564 Atm 259.8 Kpa 1948.6656 mmHg
        3.512
        bar
         3.512E5 pa 50.9372 lbf/in2 3.4661 Atm 351.2 Kpa 2634.2239 mmHg
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      C4H10
      Isobutane

      Liquid / Gas Volumes

      Calculate a liquid or gas volume or a mass

      Liquid Phase

      At boiling point at 1.013 bar

      m3(Volume)
      kg(Mass)

      Gas Phase

      at 1.013 bar and boiling point

      m3(Volume)
      kg(Mass)
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      C4H10
      Isobutane

      Applications

      Examples of uses of this molecule in Industry and Healthcare

      Laboratories & Research Centers

      In mixture with argon, isobutane is used in Geiger counter and for the detector in X ray fluorescence as quentching gas. Isobutane is also used as reagent gas in chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In mixture with other hydrocarbons, isobutane is used as reference point in calorimetric measurements for the measurement of PCI of hydrocarbons or coal. Isobutane is used in calibration gas mixtures for petrochemical industry, environmental emission monitoring, industrial hygiene monitors and trace impurity analyzers.

      Laboratories & Research Centers

      Other

      Isobutane is used as a propellant, a solvent or a refrigerant.

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      C4H10
      Isobutane

      Safety

      Information to safely use this molecule

      • Major hazards
      • Material compatibility
      Safety

      Autoignition Temperature in Air at Patm and Flammability Limits in Air at Patm and 293.15 K (except if the temperature is indicated)

      • Europe (according to EN1839 for Limits and EN 14522 for autoignition temperature)

        • Auto-ignition temperature
          460
          °C
           860 °F 733.15 K
        • Flash point
          /
        • Lower flammability limit
          1.5
          vol/%
           1.5E4 ppm 1.5E4 ppm 1.5E-2 vol/vol
        • Upper flammability limit
          9.4
          vol/%
           9.4E4 ppm 9.4E4 ppm 9.4E-2 vol/vol

      • US (according to NFPA for Limits and ASTM E659 for autoignition temperature)

        • Auto-ignition temperature
          460
          °C
           860 °F 733.15 K
        • Flash point
          /
        • Lower flammability limit
          1.8
          vol/%
           1.8E4 ppm 1.8E4 ppm 1.8E-2 vol/vol
        • Upper flammability limit
          8.4
          vol/%
           8.4E4 ppm 8.4E4 ppm 8.4E-2 vol/vol

      Threshold of toxicity

      • VME
        /
      • VLE
        /
      • ILV-8h
        /
      • ILV 15mn
        /
      • TLV-TWA (USA)
        800
        ppm
         800 ppm 0.08 vol/% 8.E-4 vol/vol
      • TLV-STEL (USA)
        /

      Metals

      • Aluminium
        Satisfactory
      • Brass
        Satisfactory
      • Monel
        Satisfactory
      • Copper
        Satisfactory
      • Ferritic Steel
        Satisfactory
      • Stainless steel
        Satisfactory
      • Zinc
        Satisfactory
      • Titanium
        no data

      Plastics

      • Polytetrafluoroethylene
        Satisfactory
      • Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
        Satisfactory
      • Polyvinylidene fluoride
        Satisfactory
      • Polyvinyl chloride
        Satisfactory
      • Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
        Satisfactory
      • Polycarbonate
        Not recommended
      • Polyamide
        Satisfactory
      • Polypropylene
        Satisfactory

      Elastomers

      • Buthyl (isobutene- isoprene) rubber
        Not recommended
        significant swelling
      • Nitrile rubber
        Satisfactory
      • Chloroprene
        Satisfactory
      • Chlorofluorocarbons
        Satisfactory
      • Silicon
        Not recommended
        significant swelling and modification of the properties of the material
      • Perfluoroelastomers
        Satisfactory
      • Fluoroelastomers
        Satisfactory
      • Nitrile rubber
        Satisfactory
      • Neoprene
        Satisfactory
      • Polyurethane
        Satisfactory
      • Ethylene-Propylene
        Not recommended
        significant swelling and modification of the properties of the material

      Lubricants

      • Hydrocarbon based lubricant
        Not recommended
        significant loss of mass
      • Fluorocarbon based lubricant
        Satisfactory

      Materials compatibility

      Recommendations : Air Liquide has gathered data on the compatibility of gases with materials to assist you in evaluating which materials to use for a gas system. Although the information has been compiled from what Air Liquide believes are reliable sources (International Standards: Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas content; Part 1- Metallic materials: ISO11114-1 (March 2012), Part 2 - Non-metallic materials: ISO11114-2 (April 2013), it must be used with extreme caution and engineering judgement. No raw data such as these can cover all conditions of concentration, temperature, humidity, impurities and aeration. It is therefore recommended that this table is only used to identify possible materials for applications at high pressure and ambient temperature. Extensive investigation and testing under the specific conditions of use need to be carried out to validate a material selection for a given application. Contact the regional Air Liquide team for expertise service.

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      C4H10
      Isobutane

      Learn More

      General information

      C4H10

      Isobutane