Deuterium

D₂
CAS Number 7782-39-0
UN1957 (gas)

Molecule
Properties
Applications
Safety & Compatibility
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Liquid / Gas Volumes

Calculate the volume or mass of a quantity of gas or liquid

Liquid Phase

At boiling point at 1.013 bar

m³ (Volume)

kg (Mass)

Gas Phase

In standard conditions (1.013 bar, 15°C)

m³ (Volume)

kg (Mass)

Physical Properties

Download the set of data (XLS - 55.96 KB)

General Properties
Solid Phase
Liquid Phase
Gas Phase

Molecule phase diagram showing the transition phases between solid, liquid and gas as a function of temperature and pressure

Pressure (bar)

- Molar mass 4.032 g/mol
- Content in dry air /
Critical Point
- Temperature -234.80 °C
- Pressure 16.617 bar
- Density 66.90 kg/m³
Triple Point
- Temperature -254.44 °C
- Pressure 1.707E-1 bar

Pressure 1.013 bar

Latent heat of fusion (at melting point)	49.261 kJ/kg
Melting point	- 254.42 °C

Pressure 1.013 bar

Boiling point	- 249.84 °C
Latent heat of vaporization (at boiling point)	322.215 kJ/kg
Liquid density (at boiling point)	163.83 kg/m³

Pressure 1.013 bar

0 °C
15 °C
25 °C

Compressibility factor Z	1.0006
Cp/Cv ratio γ	1.3983
Gas density (at boiling point)	2.105 kg/m³
Gas density	1.796E-1 kg/m³
Gas/(liquid at boiling point) equivalent	894.03 vol/vol
Heat capacity Cp	7.2499 kJ/(kg.K)
Heat capacity Cv	5.1847 kJ/(kg.K)
Specific volume	5.5691 m³/kg
Thermal conductivity	130.07 mW/(m.K)
Viscosity	1.1823E-4 Po

Compressibility factor Z	1.0006
Cp/Cv ratio γ	1.3982
Gas density	1.702E-1 kg/m³
Gas/(liquid at boiling point) equivalent	943.09 vol/vol
Heat capacity Cp	7.2509 kJ/(kg.K)
Heat capacity Cv	5.1859 kJ/(kg.K)
Solubility in water	1.595E-5 mol/mol
Specific volume	5.8748 m³/kg
Thermal conductivity	135.04 mW/(m.K)
Viscosity	1.2267E-4 Po

Compressibility factor Z	1.0006
Cp/Cv ratio γ	1.3981
Gas density	1.645E-1 kg/m³
Gas/(liquid at boiling point) equivalent	975.82 vol/vol
Heat capacity Cp	7.2514 kJ/(kg.K)
Heat capacity Cv	5.1865 kJ/(kg.K)
Solubility in water	1.46E-5 mol/mol
Specific volume	6.0786 m³/kg
Thermal conductivity	138.2 mW/(m.K)
Viscosity	1.256E-4 Po

Applications

Examples of uses of this molecule in Industry and Healthcare

Electronic components

Deuterium is used as an alternative to hydrogen in the annealing process to improve carrier mobility.

Other

Deuterium is used in nuclear fusion reactions.

Pharma & Biotech

Deuterium is used to prepare deuterated compounds in chemistry and biochemistry. These tracer molecules allow to study reaction rates and mechanisms of the reaction.

Safety & Compatibility

Major Hazards
Material Compatibility

GHS02

Flammable

Autoignition Temperature, Flammability Limits & Flash Point

Europe (according to EN1839 for Limits and EN 14522 for autoignition temperature)

Autoignition temperature (Chemsafe)	560 °C
Lower flammability limit (IEC 80079-20-1)	6.7 vol%
Upper flammability limit (IEC 80079-20-1)	79.6 vol%

US (according to ASTM E681 for Limits and ASTM E659 for autoignition temperature)

Lower flammability limit (NFPA 325)	5 vol%
Upper flammability limit (NFPA 325)	75 vol%

Odor

none

Metals

Aluminium	Satisfactory
Brass	Satisfactory
Monel	No data
Copper	No data
Ferritic Steel	Satisfactory
Stainless steel	Risk of hydrogen embrittlement Acceptable
Zinc	No data
Titanium	No data

Plastics

Polytetrafluoroethylene	Risk of permeation Acceptable
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene	Satisfactory
Polyvinylidene fluoride	Satisfactory
Polyvinyl chloride	Satisfactory
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene	No data
Polycarbonate	No data
Polyamide	Satisfactory
Polypropylene	Risk of permeation Acceptable

Elastomers

Butyl (isobutene- isoprene) rubber	Satisfactory
Nitrile rubber	Satisfactory
Chloroprene	Satisfactory
Chlorofluorocarbons	No data
Silicone	Risk of permeation Acceptable
Perfluoroelastomers	Satisfactory
Fluoroelastomers	Satisfactory
Neoprene	No data
Polyurethane	Satisfactory
Ethylene-Propylene	Satisfactory

Lubricants

Hydrocarbon based lubricant	Satisfactory
Fluorocarbon based lubricant	Satisfactory

Materials compatibility

Recommendations : Air Liquide has gathered data on the compatibility of gases with materials to assist you in evaluating which materials to use for a gas system. Although the information has been compiled from what Air Liquide believes are reliable sources (International Standards: Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas content; Part 1- Metallic materials: ISO11114-1 (March 2012), Part 2 - Non-metallic materials: ISO11114-2 (April 2013), it must be used with extreme caution and engineering judgement. No raw data such as these can cover all conditions of concentration, temperature, humidity, impurities and aeration. It is therefore recommended that this table is only used to identify possible materials for applications at high pressure and ambient temperature. Extensive investigation and testing under the specific conditions of use need to be carried out to validate a material selection for a given application. Contact the regional Air Liquide team for expertise service.

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More information

Deuterium was discovered spectroscopically in 1931 by Harold Clayton Urey, which earned him the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1934. Deuterium, or “heavy hydrogen”, is the isotope of hydrogen of atomic weight 2.