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      Hydrogen chloride
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      Hydrogen chloride
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      HCl
      Hydrogen chloride

      Physical Properties

      Under solid (grey), liquid (blue) and vapor states (white) along the equilibrium curves

      • General properties
      • Solid phase
      • Liquid Phase
      • Gas Phase
      (P)
      log(P)
      Download
      • Molecular weight
        36.461
        g/mol
      • Content in dry air
        /

      Critical Point

      • Temperature
        51.5
        °C
         124.7 °F 324.65 K
      • Pressure
        83.1
        bar
         8.31E6 pa 1205.2631 lbf/in2 82.0133 Atm 8310 Kpa 6.233E4 mmHg
      • Density
        450.14
        kg/m³
         28.1013 lb/ft³

      Triple Point

      • Temperature
        - 114.18
        °C
         - 173.524 °F 158.97 K
      • Pressure
        1.3522E-1
        bar
         1.3522E4 pa 1.9612 lbf/in2 1.3345E-1 Atm 13.5219 Kpa 101.4229 mmHg
      Pressure 1.013 bar
      • Melting point
        - 114.18
        °C
         - 173.524 °F 158.97 K
      • Latent heat of fusion (at melting point)
        54.853
        kJ/kg
         23.5984 Btu/lb 13.1102 kcal/kg
      • Solid density
        /
      Pressure 1.013 bar
      • Liquid density (at boiling point)
        1192.98
        kg/m³
         74.4751 lb/ft³
      • Boiling point
        - 85
        °C
         - 121 °F 188.15 K
      • Latent heat of vaporization (at boiling point)
        448.87
        kJ/kg
         193.1089 Btu/lb 107.2825 kcal/kg
      Pressure1.013barTemperature
      • Compressibility factor Z
        /
        /
        /
      • Cp/Cv ratio γ
        /
        /
        /
      • Dynamic viscosity
        1.3405E-4
        Po
         13.4051 µPa.s 1.3405E-5 PA.S 9.0078E-6 lb/ft/s
        1.4164E-4
        Po
         14.1639 µPa.s 1.4164E-5 PA.S 9.5177E-6 lb/ft/s
        1.4666E-4
        Po
         14.6655 µPa.s 1.4666E-5 PA.S 9.8548E-6 lb/ft/s
      • Gas density at boiling point
        /
        /
        /
      • Gas density
        /
        /
        /
      • Heat capacity at constant pressure Cp
        /
        /
        /
      • Heat capacity at constant volume Cv
        /
        /
        /
      • Liquid (at boiling point)/gas equivalent
        /
        764.73
        mol/mol
        764.73
        mol/mol
      • Solubility in water
        /
        /
        /
      • Specific gravity
        1.27
        1.27
        1.27
      • Specific volume
        /
        /
        /
      • Thermal conductivity
        13.158
        mW/m∙K
         7.6076E-3 Btu/ft/h/°F 1.1321E-1 cal/hour∙cm∙°C 3.1448E-5 cal/s∙cm∙°C 1.3158E-2 W/(m∙K)
        13.924
        mW/m∙K
         8.0505E-3 Btu/ft/h/°F 1.1981E-1 cal/hour∙cm∙°C 3.3279E-5 cal/s∙cm∙°C 1.3924E-2 W/(m∙K)
        14.43
        mW/m∙K
         8.3431E-3 Btu/ft/h/°F 1.2416E-1 cal/hour∙cm∙°C 3.4489E-5 cal/s∙cm∙°C 1.443E-2 W/(m∙K)
      • Vapor pressure
        25.6287
        bar
         2.5629E6 pa 371.7127 lbf/in2 25.2936 Atm 2562.87 Kpa 1.9223E4 mmHg
        37.3556
        bar
         3.7356E6 pa 541.797 lbf/in2 36.8671 Atm 3735.56 Kpa 2.8019E4 mmHg
        47.2216
        bar
         4.7222E6 pa 684.8911 lbf/in2 46.6041 Atm 4722.16 Kpa 3.5419E4 mmHg
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      HCl
      Hydrogen chloride

      Liquid / Gas Volumes

      Calculate a liquid or gas volume or a mass

      Liquid Phase

      At boiling point at 1.013 bar

      m3(Volume)
      kg(Mass)

      Gas Phase

      in standard conditions (1,013 bar, 15°C)

      m3(Volume)
      kg(Mass)
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      HCl
      Hydrogen chloride

      Applications

      Examples of uses of this molecule in Industry and Healthcare

      Chemicals

      The chemicals industry uses hydrogen chloride to produce a large variety of organic chlorinated compounds. Chlorinated metals (such as aluminium or silicon chlorides) are produced with hydrogen chloride.

      Chemicals

      Laboratories & Research Centers

      Hydrogen chloride is used in calibration gas mixtures for environmental emission monitoring.

      Laboratories & Research Centers

      Metal fabrication

      Hydrometallurgy processes use hydrogen chloride to enhance the separation coefficient of ores. Hot galvanizing process can use hydrogen chloride.

      Metal fabrication

      Other

      Used with xenon in "excimer" lasers, hydrogen chloride can produce wavelengths which vary as a function of operating conditions.

      Electronic components

      Hydrogen chloride is used in semiconductor fabrication for etching of native oxide, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) reactor cleaning or moisture getter.

      Electronic components
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      HCl
      Hydrogen chloride

      Safety & Compatibility

      Information to safely use this molecule

      • Major hazards
      • Material compatibility
      Safety
      • GHS04
        Gas under pressure
      • GHS05
        Corrosive
      • GHS06
        Acute Toxicity

      Threshold of toxicity

      • VME
        /
      • VLE
        5
        ppm
         or 7.5
        mg/m3
      • ILV-8h
        5
        ppm
         or 8
        mg/m3
      • ILV 15mn
        10
        ppm
         or 15
        mg/m3
      • TLV-TWA (USA)
        /
      • TLV-STEL (USA)
        /

      Odor

      Pungent and suffocating

      Metals

      • Aluminium
        Not recommended
      • Brass
        Not recommended
      • Monel
        Satisfactory
      • Copper
        Satisfactory
      • Ferritic Steel
        Satisfactory
      • Stainless steel
        Satisfactory
      • Zinc
        No data
      • Titanium
        No data

      Plastics

      • Polytetrafluoroethylene
        Satisfactory
      • Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
        Satisfactory
      • Polyvinylidene fluoride
        Satisfactory
      • Polyvinyl chloride
        Satisfactory
      • Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
        Satisfactory
      • Polycarbonate
        Not recommended
      • Polyamide
        Not recommended
        significant loss of mass
      • Polypropylene
        Satisfactory

      Elastomers

      • Buthyl (isobutene- isoprene) rubber
        Not recommended
        significant loss of mass
      • Nitrile rubber NBR
        Not recommended
        significant loss of mass
      • Chloroprene
        Not recommended
        significant loss of mass
      • Silicone
        Not recommended
        significant loss of mass
      • Perfluoroelastomers
        Satisfactory
      • Fluoroelastomers
        Satisfactory
      • Neoprene
        Not recommended
      • Polyurethane
        Not recommended
      • Ethylene-Propylene
        Satisfactory

      Lubricants

      • Hydrocarbon based lubricant
        Not recommended
        contamination of the material
      • Fluorocarbon based lubricant
        Not recommended
        contamination of the material

      Materials compatibility

      Recommendations : Air Liquide has gathered data on the compatibility of gases with materials to assist you in evaluating which materials to use for a gas system. Although the information has been compiled from what Air Liquide believes are reliable sources (International Standards: Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas content; Part 1- Metallic materials: ISO11114-1 (March 2012), Part 2 - Non-metallic materials: ISO11114-2 (April 2013), it must be used with extreme caution and engineering judgement. No raw data such as these can cover all conditions of concentration, temperature, humidity, impurities and aeration. It is therefore recommended that this table is only used to identify possible materials for applications at high pressure and ambient temperature. Extensive investigation and testing under the specific conditions of use need to be carried out to validate a material selection for a given application. Contact the regional Air Liquide team for expertise service.

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      HCl
      Hydrogen chloride

      Learn More

      General information

      More information

      Joseph Priestley prepared hydrogen chloride in 1772 and, in 1818, Humphry Davy established that it is composed of hydrogen and chlorine.

      HCl

      Hydrogen chloride